Engineering and Technology
Free content principles have been translated into fields such as Engineering, where designs and engineering knowledge can be readily shared and duplicated, in order to reduce overheads associated with project development. Open design principles can be applied in engineering and technological applications, with projects in mobile telephony, small scale manufacture, automotive and even agricultural areas.
Technologies, such as distributed manufacturing can allow CAM and CAD techniques to be able to develop small scale production of components for the development new or repair of existing devices. Rapid fabrication technologies underpin these developments, which allow end users of technology to be able to construct devices from pre-existing blueprints, using software and manufacturing hardware to convert information into physical objects.
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Software
Software
Free software, often referred to as open source software, is a maturing technology with major companies utilising free software to provide both services and technology to both end users and technical consumers. The ease of dissemination has allowed for increased modularity, which allows for smaller groups to contribute to projects as well as simplifying collaboration.
Free software development models have been classified as having a similar peer-recognition and collaborative benefit incentives that are typified by more classical fields such as scientific research, with the social structures that result decreasing production cost
Free software, often referred to as open source software, is a maturing technology with major companies utilising free software to provide both services and technology to both end users and technical consumers. The ease of dissemination has allowed for increased modularity, which allows for smaller groups to contribute to projects as well as simplifying collaboration.
Free software development models have been classified as having a similar peer-recognition and collaborative benefit incentives that are typified by more classical fields such as scientific research, with the social structures that result decreasing production cost
Media
Media
In media, which includes textual, audio and visual content, free licensing schemes such as some of the licenses made by Creative Commons have allowed for the dissemination of works under a clear set of legal permissions. Not all of the Creative Commons’ licenses are free: their permissions may range from very liberal general redistribution and modification of the work to a more restrictive redistribution-only licensing. Repositories that exclusively feature free material provide content such as photographs, clip art, music and literature.
Usage
Usage
Projects that provide free content exist in several areas of interest, such as software, academic literature, general literature, music, images, video and engineering.
Technology has reduced the cost of publication, and reduced the entry barrier sufficiently to allow for the production of widely disseminated materials by individuals and small groups. Projects to provide free literature have become increasingly prominent owing to the ease of dissemination of materials that is associated with the development of computer technology. Such dissemination may have been too costly prior to these technological developments.
Projects that provide free content exist in several areas of interest, such as software, academic literature, general literature, music, images, video and engineering.
Technology has reduced the cost of publication, and reduced the entry barrier sufficiently to allow for the production of widely disseminated materials by individuals and small groups. Projects to provide free literature have become increasingly prominent owing to the ease of dissemination of materials that is associated with the development of computer technology. Such dissemination may have been too costly prior to these technological developments.
Copyright
Traditional Copyright
Main article: Copyright
Traditionally, copyright is a legal concept, which grants the author or creator of a work, legal rights to control the distribution and display of their work, in many jurisdictions this is limited by a time period after which the works then enter the public domain. During the time period of copyright the author's work may only be distributed, displayed or modified with the consent of the author, usually via a copyright licence.
From the perspective of free content, traditional usages of copyright is limiting in several ways. It limits the distribution of the work of the author to those who can, or are willing to, afford the payment of royalties to the author for usage of the authors content. Secondly it creates a perceived barrier between authors, which limits modification of the work, such as in the form of mashups and collaborative content.
Public Domain
Main article: Public domain
The public domain is a range of abstract materials–commonly referred to as intellectual property–which are not owned or controlled by anyone. A public domain work is a work whose author has either relinquished, or no longer can claim control over the distribution and usage of the work. As such any person may manipulate, distribute or otherwise utilise the work, without legal ramifications. A work released as public domain by its author is free and copycenter.[3]
Copyleft
Main article: Copyleft
The copyleft symbol
For how copyleft is used to provide a collaboration framework for Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:The Free Encyclopedia
Copyleft is a play on the word copyright and describes the practice of using copyright law to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work. The aim of copyleft is to use the legal framework of copyright to enable non-author parties to be able to reuse and, in many licencing schemes, modify content that is created by an author. Unlike public domain or other non-copyleft free work, the author still maintains copyright over the material, however the author has granted a non-exclusive license to any person to distribute, and often modify, the work. Copyleft licenses require that any derivative works be distributed under the same terms, and that the original copyright notices be maintained.
Main article: Copyright
Traditionally, copyright is a legal concept, which grants the author or creator of a work, legal rights to control the distribution and display of their work, in many jurisdictions this is limited by a time period after which the works then enter the public domain. During the time period of copyright the author's work may only be distributed, displayed or modified with the consent of the author, usually via a copyright licence.
From the perspective of free content, traditional usages of copyright is limiting in several ways. It limits the distribution of the work of the author to those who can, or are willing to, afford the payment of royalties to the author for usage of the authors content. Secondly it creates a perceived barrier between authors, which limits modification of the work, such as in the form of mashups and collaborative content.
Public Domain
Main article: Public domain
The public domain is a range of abstract materials–commonly referred to as intellectual property–which are not owned or controlled by anyone. A public domain work is a work whose author has either relinquished, or no longer can claim control over the distribution and usage of the work. As such any person may manipulate, distribute or otherwise utilise the work, without legal ramifications. A work released as public domain by its author is free and copycenter.[3]
Copyleft
Main article: Copyleft
The copyleft symbol
For how copyleft is used to provide a collaboration framework for Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:The Free Encyclopedia
Copyleft is a play on the word copyright and describes the practice of using copyright law to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work. The aim of copyleft is to use the legal framework of copyright to enable non-author parties to be able to reuse and, in many licencing schemes, modify content that is created by an author. Unlike public domain or other non-copyleft free work, the author still maintains copyright over the material, however the author has granted a non-exclusive license to any person to distribute, and often modify, the work. Copyleft licenses require that any derivative works be distributed under the same terms, and that the original copyright notices be maintained.
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
KOPDAR VS GARAM (kopdaram)
Kopdar vs Garam (kopdaram)
Kita semua tau tentang KOPDAR (kopi darat),masih banyak orang yang tidak tau tentang Kopdar vs Garam,atau juga disebut dengan KOPDARAM (kopi darat vs garam). Banyak sekali kegunaan dari kopdaram untuk kita, dan itu sudah terbukti oleh saya dan sebagian orang yang dekat dengan saya, mereka sudah merasakan manfaat dari kopdaram. Bahwa kopdaram dapat menghilangkan KANTUK bagi kita yang tidak ingin tidur (begadang), dan menghilangkan MSUK ANGIN (meriang/badan panas), menghilangkan racun dalam tubuh dan juga berguna bagi anda yang kekurangan yodium.
Mungkin rasanya agak sedikit aneh (asin),dan terdengar sedikit gila bagi kita yang belum pernah merasakannya dan mendenarnnya. Tapi kenyataan telah membuktikan kita untuk menikmatinya. Saya pun suka dan sering mengkomsumsi Kopdar Vs Garam.
Disamping itu juga Garam dapat menambah zat yodium pada diri kita, mencerdaskan otak dan fikiran, serta menyembuhkan luka ringan di tubuh kita (luka kecil di kulit).Maka jangan heran jika saya menilis ini, karna kenyataan telah membuktikannya.SELAMAT MENIKMATI KOPDARAM.
Kita semua tau tentang KOPDAR (kopi darat),masih banyak orang yang tidak tau tentang Kopdar vs Garam,atau juga disebut dengan KOPDARAM (kopi darat vs garam). Banyak sekali kegunaan dari kopdaram untuk kita, dan itu sudah terbukti oleh saya dan sebagian orang yang dekat dengan saya, mereka sudah merasakan manfaat dari kopdaram. Bahwa kopdaram dapat menghilangkan KANTUK bagi kita yang tidak ingin tidur (begadang), dan menghilangkan MSUK ANGIN (meriang/badan panas), menghilangkan racun dalam tubuh dan juga berguna bagi anda yang kekurangan yodium.
Mungkin rasanya agak sedikit aneh (asin),dan terdengar sedikit gila bagi kita yang belum pernah merasakannya dan mendenarnnya. Tapi kenyataan telah membuktikan kita untuk menikmatinya. Saya pun suka dan sering mengkomsumsi Kopdar Vs Garam.
Disamping itu juga Garam dapat menambah zat yodium pada diri kita, mencerdaskan otak dan fikiran, serta menyembuhkan luka ringan di tubuh kita (luka kecil di kulit).Maka jangan heran jika saya menilis ini, karna kenyataan telah membuktikannya.SELAMAT MENIKMATI KOPDARAM.
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